The Principles of Justice - 1528 Words

Justice is seen as a concept that is balanced between law and morality. The laws that support social harmony are considered just. Rawls states that justice is the first virtue of social institutions; this means that a good society is one structured according to principles of justice. The significance of principles of justice is to provide a way of assigning rights and duties in the basic institutions of the society and defining the appropriate distribution of the benefits and burdens of the society. According to Rawls, justice is best understood by a grasp of the principles of justice (Rawls, 1971). The principles are expected to represent the moral basis of political government. These principles indicate that humankind needs liberty and†¦show more content†¦Rawls suggests three general principles of justice. The first is the principle of greatest equal liberty. This principle states that each person has an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a si milar liberty for others. This principle determines the basic rights that should be retained like the political liberties to vote, run for office, own property and to have freedom of speech (Rawls, 1971). These liberties have to be protected to guarantee the development and prosperity of the individuals. The second is the principle of fair equality of wealth and opportunity. According to this principle everyone should the same opportunities to make wealth, work or govern in a public office. The only requirement is the knowledge and skills of the individual. While the distribution of wealth and income need not be equal, it must be to everyone’s advantage and at the same time positions of authority must be accessible to all. He considers economic barriers as one of the major sources of social injustice (Barry, 2000). The third principle indicates that the social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that they are to the greatest benefit to the least advantaged individuals in the society. This principle indicates that for any effective change that can be considered as an improvement should affect the least privileged individual. In the case of the principles being in conflict they are to be ranked in lexical order meaning that a lessShow MoreRelatedThe Principle Of Distributive Justice965 Words   |  4 Pagesexample, immunization programs, research opportunities, harmful practices, financial assistance, etc. (Munson, 2014). Principle of Utility The principle of utility is essentially the balance between the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. It is defined as acting a manner that produces the greatest benefit and the least harm to an individual (Munson, 2014). This principle is significant in healthcare because it can be applied by healthcare professionals to help weigh the benefits of testRead MorePrinciple of Distributive Justice1331 Words   |  6 PagesPrinciple of Distributive Justice Considered as one type of justice, distributive justice is a central concept in the Catholic tradition and is closely linked to the concepts of human dignity, the common good, and human rights. Considered as an ethical principle, distributive justice refers to what society or a larger group owes its individual members in proportion to: 1) the individual’s needs, contribution and responsibility; 2) the resources available to the society or organization (market considerationsRead MoreThe Principle Of Justice And Of Equity1487 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Estoppel is a principle of justice and of equity. It was defined by Lord Denning MR as the situation where ‘a man, by his words or conduct, has led another to believe in a particular state of affairs, he will not be allowed to go back on it when it would be unjust or inequitable for him to do so’. A promise gives rise to the reasonable expectation that the promise will be kept. As such, promissory estoppel corresponds with the objectively justified belief/ anticipation of fair dealingRead MoreThe Principles Of Distributive Justice2244 Words   |  9 PagesThe principles of distributive justice are deeply rooted in western philosophy. The concept includes the available goods, the process by which goods are distributed, and the resulting allocation of the goods to the members of the society. Since in every society there is limited goods the decision. Distributive justice is thought to be perceived as fairness in how both rewards and costs are distributed among members of the society. The fair allocation of goods should take into account the quantityRead MoreJustice And The Principle Of Desert1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthat a person receive for breaking the law, through justice and the principle of desert. A common form of expressing the ideology of retribution is â€Å"an eye for an eye.† This theory consists of two main parts, the offender deserving punishment and the punishment should ft the crime. I will discuss the claim made by Retrbituivisist’s through focusing on whether Retributivist’s assumptions about moral responsibility are well founded. The principle of desert states that we deserve to be treated as wellRead MoreThe Principle Of Market Justice915 Words   |  4 PagesThe principle of market justice is a system where medical care and benefits are distributed on the basis of people willing and able to pay. Moreover, the principle of market justice assumes that the free-market forces for supply and demand can govern health care, individuals are responsible for their achievements, and the market works best with minimal inference with the government (Shi and Singh, 2013). On the contrary, the principle of social justice is when health care is equally distributed,Read MoreThe Principle Of Justice And Of Equity Essay1937 Words   |  8 Pagessupported by consideration through the doctrine of promissory estoppel. Like every policy, consideration has rules that must be followed, some of which that consideration must be sufficient but not necessarily suitable, and so on. ‘Estoppel†¦is a principle of justice and o f equity. It comes to this: when a man, by his words or conduct, has led another to believe in a particular state of affairs, he will not be allowed to go back on it when it would be unjust or inequitable for him to do so.’ can be usedRead MoreEssay on Rawls Principles of Justice1237 Words   |  5 Pagespeople’s rights would clash would be the most beneficial. Examining society Rawls principles of justice are the best structure for society. To use Rawls principles of justice one must first enter the original position. The original position according to Rawls is â€Å"the appropriate initial status quo which insures that the fundamental agreements reached in it are fair.† (Rawls: Justice as Fairness, From a Theory of Justice. pg. 489) What Rawls is trying to do is create a position in which a person removesRead MoreThe Principle Of Justice By John Rawls Essay1738 Words   |  7 Pages This exposition I will grow, characterize and contend Rawls Principle of Justice (Rawls 1971) in the equitable of society, the essential structure of the residents of Aotearoa. I will contend to concur with Rawls Principle ought to be represent New Zealand Society, Mainly concentrating on Rawls Second Principle the Reasonable equity of Opportunity, notwithstanding I will likewise express the Incorporate his thoughts on the Veil of Ignorance. Section one of the paper, we examine the substanceRead MoreRawls Primary Principles Of Justice1321 Words   |  6 Pagesprimary concern when addressing social justice is what rights and duties members of society have in the prevailing institutions and how the benefits should be distributed. With this, Rawls argues from two primary principles of justice. The first being the equality principle and the second being the difference principle. The equality principle stipulates that each individual must hold the same level of liberty as each other ind ividual. The difference principle advocates that social and economic inequalities

Freud, Adler and Jung Founders of Psychoanalytic Research...

Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Elizabeth R. Blight PSY/250 1/23/2013 Michelle Willis Introduction: There are three well-known influential thinkers who are considered to be pioneers in the field of psychology. It could be argued that without †¦., the emergence of psychology as we know it might not have ever happened, at least in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of analytic psychology, as he is the first to have come up with an albeit rudimentary, but nevertheless valuable model of the human psyche. Prior to his groundbreaking work, the nature of human consciousness was largely debated and theorized by medical doctors and theologians.†¦show more content†¦These mechanisms can be considered normal, especially during grieving periods. Much later, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross made shock and denial one of the first stages of the grieving process, and it has been well-documented that denial can be very common if not normal as long as it doesn’t become permanent. Defense mechanisms can become ve ry unhealthy if they don’t eventually give way to directly coping with the emotions which are being denied or repressed. These defense mechanisms, in their most extreme forms can be very difficult to understand for those who haven’t shared the same experience. For example, it is very possible for a woman to be so deep in denial of a pregnancy that she will continue to menstruate up until the time of delivery. She could also attribute the normal symptoms of pregnancy with other possible explanations, i.e. morning sickness being stomach flu and the baby’s kicks being gas. A typical example of displacement can be seen with people who abuse animals or children. If a person feels they cannot express anger or aggression to a parent or significant other for fear of repercussions, they will channel the anger and direct it to the family pet or their child, who cannot fight back. Regression can be another common defense mechanism, and it usually happens when an individual is overwhelmed with anxiety and feels they cannot directly face the source of their emotions. A very common scenario is for anShow MoreRelatedPsychoanalytic Psychology : Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment1427 Words   |  6 Pages Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Julious Campbell PSY/250 June 8, 2015 MR. MICHAEL PHILLIPS Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Many people consider Psychology a science, which is true, applied science. Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior which has different levels with many dimensions. Psychology is compounded with many theories and studies that by trial, and error, have made psychology into the discipline that it has become today. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and AlfredRead MoreThe Theory Of Personality Psychology1019 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom Hippocrates’ theory that argues that personality traits are based on four different sections. This heavily influenced modern personality psychology. Three important psychologists helped shape the way humans define the term personality. Alfred Adler is one of these psychologists. Alder had a tendency to change his theory on personality throughout his life, but he believed that people are focused on maintaining control over their lives. He believed in single drive or motivating force behind ourRead MoreNeo Analytic And Ego Aspects Of Personality Theory Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesapproach to personality theory can be found within Freud’s psychoanalytic personality theory. Freud was one of the first theorist exploring the origin of personality. He defined personality as resulting from three aspects within the human mind, the id, ego and the superego. As more theorist began to emerge in the field of personality analysis, several of Freud’s theories were revised. Neo-Analytic and Ego Aspects emerged as theorist including Carl Jung, Alfred Alder, Erik Erickson and Karen Horney stressedRead MoreSigmund Freud Biography1317 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Frued, Austrian physician, neurologist, and founder o f psychoanalysis. Freud was born in Freiberg (now Prà ­bor, Czech Republic), on May 6, 1856, and educated at the University of Vienna. When he was three years old his family, fleeing from the anti-Semitic riots then raging in Freiberg, moved to Leipzig. Shortly thereafter, the family settled in Vienna, where Freud remained for most of his life. Although Freud s ambition from childhood had been a career in law, he decided to become a medicalRead MorePsychoanalytic Model Paper1830 Words   |  8 PagesPsychoanalytic Model Paper 1 Psychoanalytic Model Paper Cynthia Garza 1/16/2015 Psy310- History and Systems of Psychology Instructor: Sara Molloy Psychoanalytic Model Paper 2 Psychoanalytic Model Paper When we talk about Psychoanalytic theory the first name that comes to mind is Sigmund Freud. Even though they are other psychologists that contributed to psychoanalytic theory and its development, Sigmund Freud is known for being the founder of this theory. He is famous for his work on sexualRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Theory Of Psychology Essay1764 Words   |  8 Pagescalled Cognitive Therapy, which became known for its effective treatment of depression. By the late 1970s it was clear that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was not just a phase. It had become a more frequent topic at conventions, in journals, and in research, and it had become more integrated into behavioral psychotherapies. Cognitive therapy is thus born and with it, the second wave of Behavioral Therapy. Slowly, â€Å"Mindfulness† was becoming the focus, and the third wave is born. Mindfulness has manyRead MorePyschoanalytic Personalities Essay Notes9106 Words   |  37 PagesIndividual Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment | Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper analyzing the components of the psychoanalytic approach to personality. Your paper should cover the following areas: * Compare and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. What are two characteristics of these theories with which you agree? What are two characteristics with which you disagree? * Describe the stages of Freud’s theory and explain characteristics of personality usingRead More Discussing Developmental Theorists and Their Theories of Human Development5003 Words   |  21 Pagesinclude the psychoanalytic school, behavioral school, humanistic school, cognitive school, and the individual schools of psychology. Each developmental theorist holds their own unique ideas and theories about various components of human development. I will be discussing the contributions of each of these theorists. To begin with we have the psychoanalytic school of psychology. This would include Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. I will begin with Sigmund Freud who was theRead MoreThe Unconscious Conscious : The Psychodynamic Approach1971 Words   |  8 Pagesvarious psychologists which focus closely on an individual’s unconscious drives, and see how these drives relate to one’s personality. The most prominent psychologists who have contributed to the psychodynamic approach include Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, and Karen Horney. Unlike the behavior approach to psychology which leans towards understanding the science behind behavior and how external factors help stimulate these behaviors, psychodynamics attempts to look into one’sRead MoreThe Theories Of Personality Have Been Developed Over Hundreds Of Years Essay1945 Words   |  8 Pagesstill many varying opinions of what exactly defines a person’s personality, with jus t as much research, if not more. Over the last few decades, technology has surpassed what most have ever believed to be possible, creating not only a new world for people to interact, learn and relate in, but also created an unnatural dependence on various social media outlets. Sigmund Freud is credited with being the founder of psychoanalysis. Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis is defined by Boundless as â€Å"the result

Marilyn Monroe Biography Free Essays

What began as a brunette beauty by the name of Norma Jeane Baker born in LA, California, soon transformed into the blondest, biggest sex symbol Hollywood has yet to cross paths with. Marilyn Monroe belonged to the public from the moment she stepped onto the screen and the voluptuous, 50’s goddess knew it. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring pout and sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. We will write a custom essay sample on Marilyn Monroe Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Baptized Norma Jeane Baker, the soon to be starlet, spent most of her childhood migrating through foster homes after her mother, Gladys Baker, was instituted and her father’s identity remained unidentified. This was up until Norma Jeane was taken under the care of a family friend, Grace McKee Goddard. Unfortunately, after Mr. Goddard was transferred to the east coast, the family could not afford to travel 16-year-old Norma Jeane along with them. When faced with choice to return to the orphanage or get married, Norma married her 21-year-old neighbor Jimmy Dougherty. They were wed in 1942 after dating for six months prior. It was smooth sailing until 1944 when he was transferred to the South Pacific with the marines. During his absence, Norma Jeane took a job on the assembly line at Radio Planes Munitions factory where she was discovered by photographer David Conover. Conover came across the â€Å"photographer’s dream† as put by David, while taking pictures of women contributing to the war effort for Yank magazine. Conover began her career by sending her modeling jobs and within two years she was a reputable model with plenty of covers to her credit. In 1946, Norma Jean divorced her husband Jimmy and signed with Twentieth Century Fox. It was at this point that she officially transformed into the blonde Hollywood babe known as Marilyn Monroe. Two marriages later, one to baseball player Joe DiMaggio and the third and final to playwright Arthur Miller, Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her Brentwood, California home on August 5, 1962. Although only age 36 when she died, Marilyn Monroe was a global sensation in her lifetime and will always remain that way. Over Marilyn Monroe’s career span, the icon was nominated and won ountless awards. Among these, Monroe won the Golden Plate at the David di Donatello Awards for her acting in The Prince and the Showgirl, two Henrietta Awards for World Film Favorite-Female and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture –Musical/Comedy for Some Like it Hot. She also won Most Popular Female Star and a special award at the Photoplay Awards and received a motion picture star on the Hollywood Wa lk of Fame. Along with these prestigious awards were her many, many nominations which she always came close in. Marilyn began her acting career with 1947’s The Shocking Miss Pilgrim but it was her performance in the 1953’s Niagara that grabbed the public’s eye. She was also one of the most photographed people in the world and has been recaptured in numerous paintings. Many of the best in visual art has had a shot at Marilyn Monroe. Even after her death, the bleach blonde has been subject to some 600 books, newspaper and magazine articles, musicals, a ballet, plays, an opera and a famous Elton John/Bernie Taupin song. All of this proves the impact of Marilyn Monroe and just how much the public still loves her. None can deny the influence Marilyn Monroe had on Hollywood and the public alike. Marilyn Monroe’s influence in Hollywood and on the public can be seen everywhere. During her lifetime it was exemplified through her numerous box-office successes and massive publicity. Monroe did much to make her influence everlasting while the provocative super starlet still graced the world with her presence. She notoriously negotiated a tough contract with her studio involving her artistic rights and was the first woman to set up her own production company. There was clearly more to Ms. Monroe than her seductive pout. Marilyn launched her close friend, Ella Fitzgerald’s career when she made a deal with the owners of a popular club that refused Ella the opportunity to perform due to her race. Monroe told the owners that if they were to let Ella perform, Marilyn herself would be at every performance. Marilyn broke down the norms for typical actresses and women in general within society. â€Å"Marilyn was one of the first women to be overly sexual and play sweet, naive and innocent characters at the same time. as put by Time Magazine. This was only one barrier Monroe’s influence knocked down. She was a widely accepted and adored sex symbol, making the 1950’s society more permissive of sex. This also contributed to the sexual freedom women have today. The Edmonton Journal in Canada wrote about the popular face piercing titled â€Å"The Monroe† after the world famous sex symbol. As written in the journal, â€Å"It’s a testament to Marilyn Monroe’s enduring coolness that the piercing is named about her, because her real mole was on her left cheek. Part of the reason why Monroe’s influence is so strong is due to the manner that she came and left. After almost every actress prior to the 50’s being brunette and vampy or blonde and entirely lackluster and innocent, Marilyn was a breath of fresh air on the cinema screen. On the other hand, her departure seemed to showcase â€Å"the wonder and tragedy of Hollywood and the entertainment business. †(Glatzer,33). By dying at such a young age, Marilyn Monroe became a legend, ergo her gripping influence. It can be understood that the individuals who are remembered and beloved are â€Å"the tragic heroes and heroines who loose their lives in Hollywood. †(Glatzer,33). Among these are Kurt Cobain, Elvis Presley, James Dean and of course Marilyn Monroe. â€Å"They didn’t have the opportunity to bow out gracefully, they were ripped from our midst and society mourns them all the more. †(Glatzer,35). Marilyn Monroe was undoubtedly the most famous and iconic actress of her generation. Many voluptuous blondes attempted to reinvent Monroe after her death but none had the right alchemy of â€Å"va-va-voom† and virtue. In a recent survey, Marilyn Monroe was ranked seventh in â€Å"The Highest Paid Dead Celebrities† and was the only woman in the top thirteen. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. Marilyn Monroe will never be forgotten, whether it’s her scandalous life or her incredible impact, we all just can’t seem to get that enticing pout out of our minds. How to cite Marilyn Monroe Biography, Papers

The ancient Mediterranean worlds Essay Example For Students

The ancient Mediterranean worlds Essay An art piece that is interesting as well as being discussed amongst others is that of the ancient Mediterranean worlds. The piece is Toreador fresco, from the palace of Knossos. The period for toreador is around 1500 B. C. E. The palace at Knossos is of the Minoan culture; therefore, the Toreador was created by an artist of this region. Many of the frescos have been found around the Mediterranean basin, particularly in Morocco. Some historians believe that the fresco artists were from Crete and were sent to Morocco as part of a trade exchange. The palace of Knossos was built with four wings made of ashlars blocks. The Toreador which is the most famous fresco was presented on a block in the religious wing of the palace. The Toreador is known to represent a sacred ceremony in which individuals jump over the backs of large bulls. The Toreador presents the special animal of the Minoans, the bull. Toreador refers to as being a bull fighter. The picture explains to the onlookers that bullfighting in this era and culture is different from that of the Spanish and American way of bullfighting. The toreador shows three bullfighters; one in front of the bull grabbing the horns, perhaps getting ready to vault over the bull. The second person in the fresco is in the position of vaulting over the bull. The third person presented in this fresco is behind the bull with open arms, possibly awaiting to catch the acrobat who is on the bull. The graceful curves of the bulls back, the bulls underbelly, the tumblers arched body; reinforce the experience of motion, captured to the split second. Most frescos represented a certain religious ceremonies. Fresco painting is known as the only threaded that can be continuously traced throughout the entire history of painting as a form of expression stitching together the universal language of art. During the Renaissance fresco was referred to as the mother of all Arts, which means the art speaks for itself.

5 Why Columbia Essay Intros That Worked

Considering applying to Columbia University? Columbia has one of the most unique core curriculum that brings over 30,000 applicants every year.Columbia’s application requires 4 short answer questions and 2 supplemental essays on why you want to attend. Here’s the prompt:Please tell us what you value most about Columbia and why. Lia_Columbia ‘20Charades is a game that demands a common repertoire of experience with the other people playing. If players have not seen the same movies, heard the same news stories, or read the same books, they cannot communicate effectively. TASP, like Columbia, brings together people from vastly different backgrounds. Most of us had never been exposed to the ideas and philosophers we studied. We debated Plato’s view on the value of art late into the night, and discussed the merits of communism in the bathroom in the morning. Keep reading. Sakilan ‘19 Searching for invisible matter in the universe. Studying the genetics and evolution of social communication using the South African clawed frog. Using deep-sea sediments to study the climate history of the last ice age. These are all the research projects I thought were out of my reach, but Columbia gives me the opportunity to hone my intellect and create new knowledge as it gave so many of its students. View full profile.Lmelcher ‘20When I visited Columbias campus last summer, I had the best chocolate pastry of my life at a nearby restaurant. But that is not the only reason I want to go to Columbia. The Columbia students I met were extremely enthusiastic about the Core Curriculum, and I can certainly see why. Not only do the Core classes provide every student with the opportunity to study classic works of literature and art, they also bring the students together and enable them to discuss their shared intellectual experiences. As a top-ranked national circuit debater, I would definitely welcome such a forum for academic discourse and debate. Continue reading.G.reynoso.95 ‘17 Growing up in New York City for my entire life, I realize in what a rich and engaging city Columbia is located. While I want to remain in an urban environment, I also want to attend a college that is small and will allow me to take advantage of individual and intimate attention placed on its students, supportive faculty, and a large array of academic opportunities. Columbia offers this ambiance for me, and I believe that its mission to refine its students’ analytic and imaginative thinking is inspiring and will be beneficial to my education. Read full essay.Starlysantos ‘18 My parents have sacrificed continuously to put me through a very academically competitive private high school to shape me as well-rounded as possible. Unfortunately, though, 21st century students are more plagued with fanaticism of getting an â€Å"A† than with what school is truly meant for, learning. Columbia offers a true education, not only scholastically from its esteemed faculty, but also culturally from the international powerhouse that is New York City. Usually faring fewer than twenty students each, Columbias intimate classes allow deeply intellectual group discussion among the familiarity of young adults equally astute as myself. Further, the quaint Morningside Heights campus inevitably ensures running into professors and being able to carry a conversation over coffee and build more personal relationships with them. Keep reading.Interested in reading these students full personal statements, and Why Columbia supplements? Unlock all of them in one go with ourWhy Columb ia package!Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

African Women essays

African Women essays The second largest continent in the world, Africa is huge, complex land mass occupied by thousands of tribes and nations. West Africa, from which most slaves came, contains tremendous differences in culture, language, and political and economic structure. An African woman could have expected to participate to participate in the economic life of the community out side her own home. Along the coast of West Africa, which most slaves came, women were often traders, an especially important role in an area where the economy was still primarily mercantile rather than industrial. An African woman could also have expected to own and control some of her own property after marriage without having to get permission from her husband. In many areas women could buy land or goods. Women in all parts of the world had an affect through their husband and sons but African women had formal structure through which to work, making decisions and effecting changes that have an impact on the entire tribe or n ation. In those days, African women had somewhat more power and autonomy than women in European countries. But how far did their power reach? (Shining Thread Of Hope Pg 10) Women in Africa could trade, own property, and sometimes collectively influence political decisions, but they could not exercise power over men. In most places, for example, women, girls, young children were not allowed to eat until the men and boys had finished, and they were forbidden to eat certain highly nutrition food. An African woman was accustomed to being resourceful, determined, and somewhat independent economically. She probably had all the qualities to a greater degree than the average young woman in Belgium or France. To that degree, the enslaved African woman had a cultural advantage, a background that would help her survive in the New World if she brought it with her. Slavery was a great eraser, and enslaved Africans came to northern farms and southern plantations as bla...

Associations of Diet and Lifestyle with Hyperlipidemia for Middle-Aged Assignment

Associations of Diet and Lifestyle with Hyperlipidemia for Middle-Aged and Elderly Persons among the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han Populations - Assignment Example Since the study is focused Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han Populations, all other populations apart from ones used as control samples will be excluded from the study. Information on demography, dietary intake, and lifestyle factors was collected by standard questionnaires. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and serum lipid levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. Data will be collected depending on various methods that will be used in the study to collect data. Since study will be conducted within certain period of time, there will be specific timing of measurements collected, depended variable like diet and lifestyle, and independent variables like middle-aged and elderly people. There will also be control variables as discussed above. In this study, people between the age of 25 and 65 (both male and female) were used in this study. This study will be focused on two clans Bai Ku Yao and Han. Their lifestyle and eating habits will also be used in this study. The prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperlipidemia in Bai Ku Yao and Han were 19.59% vs 36.13% (P0.05), and 28.45% vs 43.11% (P

The home video game industry pong to xbox 360 online Case Study

The home video game industry pong to xbox 360 online - Case Study Example PlayStation by Sony and Xbox by Microsoft are bitter rivals. The market share of the two is divided and one can outdo the other should innovation kick in. The PlayStation has several features that Xbox does not have. The wireless joysticks are perhaps the best features, then there is Wi-Fi connectivity and a host of several other features. These added featured attract the potential buyers and this is how a market share is created. Genesis was launched in the year 1989, it was first launched in Japan and subsequently in America. Sega a video game company produced games for Genesis, the games were graphically violent. After a few years EA Sports which also produces the FIFA series jumped on the bandwagon, all these companies entered into the new market because all this was incredibly profitable. The FIFA series has become a must have for football fans and it is sold every year in millions. The new entrants were able to capture the market share from their predecessors because they made better games which were appreciated by the fans. They bought copies of the games and the word of mouth also spread this is how they were able to capture the market share. Market leaders lost market share when they failed to innovate and make games of the next level. It is always useful to make better games and keep the fans anticipating but this failed to happen after one point. The new players on the other hand made better games and managed to capture the market share. Developing and commercializing a technology-based product needs a lot of dedication, most importantly it needs innovation. Making something new and unique always helps when it comes to a technology-based product. The case study teaches us about the importance of innovation and knowing your rivals. One must be at least two steps ahead of their rivals all the time only then can one keep growing at a consistent

Canadian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Canadian Economy - Essay Example   The main   economic indicators of the   health of any economy comprise in either the absolute figure of the Gross National Product(GNP) or the Gross National Expenditure(GNE) of the economy ,preferably on deflated basis with a base year or the period to period growth rate in such a rate ;unemployment rate is another critical indicators of the economic development and growth as it indicates the percentage of the able bodies that are not gainfully employed; the third and last   most important indicator of the economic health of the economy is the inflation rate which indicates the rate at which a chosen set of prices are rising and thereby determines the real purchasing power of the national currency. A high degree of inflation often leads to widespread erosion of economic value and if the inflation is caused by monetary factors then the economic results can give misleading results if measured at market prices. Canadian economy has come out of period of recession and is on an expansionary phase. It has experienced this growth despite several shocks like the hit to beef exports caused by the Mad Cow disease SAARS afflictions etc. As of the 3rd quarter 2007 the total population of Canada was placed at 32,976,026 .As of October 2007 Canada had an unemployment rate of 5.8 % .As of September 2007 the overall Canadian inflation rate was measured at 2.5 % .Real GDP rose by   0.2 % as of August 2007. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most often used economic indicator to arrive at a good measure of the value of economic activity.... tal population of Canada was placed at 32,976,026 .As of October 2007 Canada had an unemployment rate of 5.8 % .As of September 2007 the overall Canadian inflation rate was measured at 2.5 % .Real GDP rose by 0.2 % as of August 2007. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the most often used economic indicator to arrive at a good measure of the value of economic activity. In fact, the GDP is a double edged sword in the sense that it helps measure two major economic data over the reference period: the total income of the population in the economy and the total expenditure incurred on the economy's domestic output of goods and services. A major factor that makes the GDP measure these two things is the fact that whatever one person in the economy spends becomes the income of another person; because in the ultimate sense each person in the economy assumes one of the two roles i.e. either that of the buyer or that of the seller. If one is not a seller himself, more general position then he is a member of a seller organization which is an economic agent and pays the member for selling his services. Speaking from the accounting point of view, for the economy as a whole, income and expenditure must always equal one another. In the 2nd quarter of 2007 Canadian exports rose by 0.7 % ;whereas the imports rose by 1.6 % in the same period. The exchange rate of the Canadian dollar with its major trading currency the US dollar stood at 1.0254 as of October 2007.The most sensitive and indicative of all interest rates i.e. The Prime interest rate was placed at 6.25 % as of October 2007. The stock markets also witnessed a good turnover and activity and the S&P/TSX Composite Index, with base of 1975 stood at 14,625.00 as of October 2007.The most important economic indicators of the Federal

The Importance Of Communication Of Nurses

The Importance Of Communication Of Nurses This essay will explore the importance of communication in nursing; define communication and look at the different modes of communication and barriers to communication. A reflective model will be used to describe how communication impacted on care delivery in practice. Although each person will bring their own experience of ways to communicate, it will discuss how student nurses can develop their skills that will assist them to ensure excellent communication and also how qualified nurses continue to learn communication throughout their profession. Baillie, (2009) indicate that It is predominantly imperative for a nurse to have and develop effective communication skills. A nurse will have contact with a wide range of individuals during nursing; this includes the patient and their relatives and also members of the healthcare team. (Thompson 2003, cited in Baillie 2009) suggests that communication is not only needed whilst transferring information from one person to another, it plays a significant role in relationships. Kenworthy et al. (2002) indicates that Communication comprises of three fundamental factors; the sender, the receiver and the message. Successful communication can be defined when the receiver is able to interpret the senders message whilst reflecting on their thoughts and feelings and the message received is almost accurate to that of the sender. There are various modes of communication that a nurse may use. For example, face to face contact, telephone calls, emails and letters. (Kenworthy et al. 2002) Daniels et al. (2010) explain that communication has two parts; a verbal and a non verbal message. Verbal communication is associated with speech and usually heard through the persons ears, however paraverbal cues for example, pitch, speech, inflection and volume can be associated with verbal messages changing the word meaning. Different cultures may find spoken language to be problematic to understand because paraverbal cues may differ from one culture to another. However, paraverbal cues such as a happy friendly smile or crying with grief are associated with different cultures and may help with a cultural barrier. (Daniels et al. 2010) The way in which a nurse speaks and the tone of voice can be very reassuring to a patient, however a patient can also misinterpret the tone as being demeaning or they may even become frightened. Another very important factor suggested by Corner and Bailey (2008) is the way in which a nurse may choose words ensuring that a patient will understand and not be confused with any medical jargon. A nurse requires excellent awareness of communication theories whilst giving verbal handovers in both hospital and community settings. A report will only become effective during handover if the nurse has a confident attitude, along with good verbal and non verbal skills creating an ideal environment for communication between the healthcare team to ensure continuity of care.(Thurgood [no date] ) Nurses are responsible for maintaining confidentiality. (NMC, 2008) Confidentiality is imperative in a therapeutic relationship with information only being shared between appropriate people. (Sundeen et al. 1998) Nonverbal communication is made up of all types of communication, with the exception of total verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is usually observed through the eyes however, other senses in the body can compliment this. (Kenworthy, 2002) Nonverbal aspects of a message can include kinesis, facial expression, gesture, touch, movement, body language and eye contact. (Baillie, 2009) Nonverbal communication can be divided in three ways; sign, action and object. Sign nonverbal communication can include hand gestures and sign language, action nonverbal communication can include how you move around, involving body movements that do not offer precise signals. Object nonverbal communication can include furnishings, hairstyles and clothing. (Sundeen et al. 1998) Written communication is certainly a significant method of communication and is crucial in a healthcare setting. The (NMC, 2008) states that it is imperative that all records are kept clear and accurate. This must include all information on assessments, discussions, treatment and the effect of them. Unfortunately, (Bailie, 2009) points out that written communication is an area that is often ignored, stating that good written communication is vital to protect the patients welfare, encouraging high standards of continuity and clinical care, ensuring healthcare team members receive accurate information. Bailie, (2009) suggests that there are different barriers that may prevent a nurse from communicating that may influence the development of a therapeutic relationship, arguing that Physical barriers may possibly include the surrounding environment, a patient who is in need of pain management or any speech, hearing or visual problems. Bailie, (2009) indicates that psychological barriers may include the emotional needs such as anxiety or personality issues such as a person being introvert or having different beliefs and social barriers can be caused if a person feels that their own social status is categorised by hierarchy, religious or culture beliefs. Students are encouraged to keep reflective journals of experiences whilst on clinical placements. Reflective journals enable students to learn from their experiences, enhancing their communication development. However, education should be a lifelong experience in that qualified nurses are also encouraged to keep journals. Journals are known as reflective practice and studies have shown that using these can lead to better practice. (Sully Dallas, 2005) I now plan to use Gibbs model of reflection (1988). This model of reflection is simple to follow for a first piece of reflective writing (please see appendix 1). The patient who has been used in this scenario will be referred to as Mr Jones. The reason for not using the patients real name is to respect the patients confidentiality. (NMC, 2008) On my second day of placement Mr Jones was transferred to the ward from the Accident and Emergency Department. During handover the nurse explained that Mr Jones had been referred from his general practitioner since he was complaining of pain in the throat area. As previously mentioned, Thurgood, [no date] states that a handover will only be successful if the nurse has good verbal and non verbal skills. Mr Jones general practitioner was also concerned as he had not eaten anything and drank very little over the previous two days. Past medical history revealed that Mr Jones had been diagnosed with mouth and throat cancer three months ago and was currently receiving chemotherapy treatment at another hospital. However, the nurse described that Mr Jones had become quite angry at times and that he removed his venflon out of his arm and refused fluids. My mentor asked if I would assist her whilst taking Mr Jones observations. The observations involved taking the patients temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure. Comparisons were then compared to the patient baseline and plotted on a chart. Baillie, (2009) suggests that all nurses who observe patients should have the necessary skills and knowledge to understand the measurements and take appropriate action. The medical team decided that the way forward with medical treatment was by firstly ensuring that sufficient fluids were given to Mr Jones. The doctor asked Mr Jones for consent to insert a venflon in his hand whilst explaining the importance of fluids in the body, yet he kept shaking his head. The (NMC, 2008) states that we must gain consent before any treatment and respect the patients choice. The doctors decided that they would prescribe Mr Jones a supplement drink. (Cancerhelp) suggests that Supplement drinks can be used if a patient has a poor appetite and not able to take in enough nourishment into the body. The medical team decided that the nurses on the ward should encourage Mr Jones with oral fluids over the following twenty four hours and assess from there. Mr Jones became quite angry with the doctors and started pushing his arms away, prompting them to leave. Once the medical team had left I volunteered to sit down with Mr Jones as he appeared to be quite upset. I introduced myself as a student nurse. Mr Jones seemed a very pleasant man however, I soon realised that Mr Jones found it very difficult responding to my questions due to his speech. Mr Jones became more upset and at this point he started to cry, I reached out for a tissue and passed it to Mr Jones, I also held his hand to comfort him. As mentioned previously, Bailie, (2009) suggests that non verbal communication such as touch can be reassuring to the patient. I felt quite nervous at this point, being a student and not experienced, I was not sure what to talk about next, so I stood up and told Mr Jones that I would be back in a minute. I walked to the toilet and became upset, I felt absolutely useless not knowing what to do and more so, to see a grown man similar to my own dads age crying. I put a small amount of cold water over my face and wiped my eyes before I went back on th e ward to prevent people from seeing that I had been upset. I spoke to my mentor and discussed with her that I thought Mr Jones was struggling to communicate with me as his speech was very poor and how upset he had become. (Maguire 1978, cited in Hanson 1994) states that a patient with cancer may find it difficult to communicate to show any worries that they might have. My mentor explained to me that speech more often does become deteriorated when people have mouth or throat types of cancer. I asked my mentor how she felt if I offered Mr Jones a pen and notepad to enable him to write things down or if that at any time he felt he could not communicate by speech comfortably. Baillie, (2009) indicates that speech problems can cause a physical barrier to a patient. My mentor said that she thought it was a good idea and that I could try if I wanted to. I returned to the bay and found that Mr Jones had pulled the curtains around his bed. I can understand that Mr Jones wanted privacy from the other patients and maybe staff as he was clearly upset. I popped my head around the curtain, smiled at Mr Jones and asked if he was happy for me to come and sit down with him. Mr Jones smiled and started tapping on the chair, gesturing for me to sit down. I sat down and asked Mr Jones if he found it difficult to communicate with his speech and he nodded. Speech disorder, (2009) suggests that Cancer of the throat can cause loss of the individuals voice and speaking ability. This can be problematic for a patient who would normally use verbal communication. I then continued to show Mr Jones that I had brought a note pad and pen, offering for him to use if he wanted. Mr Jones smiled at me and wrote down thank you. Mr Jones then started to open up, writing down that he felt secluded and on times felt patronised by the doctors because he used to live in Pakistan. I reassured Mr Jones and asked why he did he feel this way, he replied by saying that he was confused, there with things he did not understand, the doctors do not listen, he was very scared of dying and asked me if he going to die. Corner Bailey (2008) indicate that doctors prefer to use closed questions as opposed to open questions, concentrating on the biomedical model and not the emotional needs of the patient. I explained to Mr Jones that I would ask a member of the team to come along and have a chat with him and try to answer the questions that I felt I could not answer being a student nurse. At this point I asked Mr Jones if he would like to have a sip of water and he gave me the thumbs up. I felt really good with myself at this point, I was not experienced however, I had encouraged the patient to drink a small amount of water. I then discussed this with my mentor who agreed that this patient absolutely needed to be able to understand what the medical team were explaining to him and equally important that the medical team must listen to the needs of the patient. Corner and Bailey (2008) argue that it is important for a patient to have a balanced relationship, along with good doctor-patient communication to enable a patient to have faith in their professional opinion. My mentor asked me to be present with her, whilst she had a chat with Mr Jones and I agreed. My mentor came down to the patients level to ensure good eye contact and allowing the patient to answer many open questions, to enable us to get a good understanding of how he was feeling. Wiggens (2006) suggests that open questions will gain an enhanced assessment of the patient, allowing them to speak freely. Mr Jones felt much more at ease once my mentor had finished explaining the importance of fluid and nutritional intake that the body needs. Mr Jo nes was able to write down on the notepad any questions that he felt had been unanswered and anything that he wished to have a better understanding of. Gurrero, (1998) suggest that nurses must be willing to use other means of communication aids, for example white boards, writing pads and pens. The hospital had kept a food chart for Mr Jones since he had been admitted into hospital, clearly showing a very minimal amount of fluid intake and no nutritional intake. My mentor decided to show this to Mr Jones, fortunately he understood and consented to have a new venflon put back in his arm. Mr Jones continued to write down that he felt he was unable to swallow properly and that he would prefer to have fluids this way. My mentor phoned the doctor to come to the ward and Mr Jones happily consented. I felt totally powerless when seeing the frustration that Mr Jones showed towards the medical team during his first assessment on the ward. I could see that there was nothing that the medical team could do to encourage Mr Jones to have the venflon put back in. I believe that because of the breakdown in communication from the doctor, Mr Jones became very distressed. As previously mentioned Corner and Bailey (2008) argue that a doctor-patient relationship is needed for good communication. I felt very inexperienced and accepted the fact that the medical staff knew what they were doing however, I hoped that the doctors would have done something more, even though I understood that the patient had a right to say no to any form of medical treatment that was offered. I was concerned that Mr Jones would die if he did not eat or drink. The other nurses on the ward did not seem to be as anxious to the situation as me. This resulted in me becoming quite distressed over the whole situation, even questioning myself if nursing was for me. I discussed how I felt with my mentor and this left me feeling very positive. My mentor was a very experienced nurse who explained that nurses quite often find themselves in similar situations and most definitely feel the same way as I do. My mentor said that she felt I had done everything that I could have done with the patient and especially how I noticed that the patient was feeling angry and frustrated because he was having difficulties communicating. I found that my lack of confidence as a student nurse left me not knowing what to do if a patient is refusing treatment, eating and drinking. When Mrs Jones came to see her husband during visiting time, she told me that her husband had told her that he felt much happier that he now understood what was going on. Mrs Jones also said that the note pad was a fantastic idea for her husband to write things down and be able to communicate. If the situation arose again with a patient who has mouth or throat cancer, I would certainly ask during handover how well can the patient communicate, to ensure a good environment is created for the healthcare team and the patient. To conclude, I believe that there is nothing else that I could have done to help Mr Jones. However, I do believe that during the handover it would have been beneficial for everyone involved in the care of Mr Jones to be made aware of his difficulties with verbal communication. Nurses certainly need to communicate effectively with patients to provide safe and effective care, taking into consideration that there is difference and diversity and looking at every individual needs. Nurses who work with different cultures have a duty to learn the differences in cultural behaviour and patterns within these groups to prevent a cultural barrier. Listening, along with smiling at appropriate times, showing a positive and genuine interest towards the patient, and have good eye contact will help to prevent barriers in communication. Another important factor is the way in which a nurse positions themselves when talking to a patient. If a patient is sitting, it may be appropriate for a nurse to come down to their level as not to seem to be standing over them, as this could be very disturbing and disrespectful to some patients. Touch and gestures can also go a long way into reassuring a patient. Just by touching a patients arm if they are upset and frightened can mean a lot to a patient. Along with this goes body language and showing respect that will hopefully continue to trust. References Baillie, L., (2009). Developing Practical Adult Nursing Skills. 3rd ed. London: Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. Cancerhelp,(2009).Coping with cancer [online]. Available at: http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/coping-with-cancer/coping-physically/diet/managing/weight/high-calorie-drinks (accessed 13.01.2009) Corner, J., Bailey, C., (2008).Cancer Nursing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Limited. Daniels, R., Grendell, R., Wilkins, F., (2010). Nursing Fundamentals Caring and Clinical decision making, 2nd ed. USA: Delmar. Gibbs, G., (1988) Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning. London: FEU Guerro, D., (1998) Neuro-Oncology for Nurses. London: Whurr Publishers Hanson, E., (1994). The Cancer Nurses Perspective. Lancaster: Quay Publishing Limited Kenworthy, N., Snowley, G., and Gilling, C., (2002). Common Foundation Studies in Nursing, 3rd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Nursing and Midwifery Council, (2008) The NMC code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Speech disorder, (2009). Cancer cause speech disorder [online] Available at: http://www.speechdisorder.co.uk/cancer-cause-speech-disorder.html (accessed 13.01.2009) Sully, P., Dallas, J., (2005). Essential Communication skills for Nursing, London: Elsevier Mosby. Sundeen, S., Stuart, G., Rankin, E., and Cohen, S., 1998. Nurse-Client Interaction Implementing the Nursing Process, 6th ed. USA: Sally Schrefer. Thurgood, G.[no date]. Verbal handover reports: what skills are needed? [online]. Available at: http://www.internurse.com/cgi-bin/go.pl/library/article.cgi?uid (Accessed 02/11/2009) Wiggens, L., (2006). Communication in clinical settings. Cheltenham:Nelson Thornes Limited

foolear Essay on the Fool in Shakespeares King Lear -- King Lear ess

Importance of the Fool in King Lear       Beginning in the late 17th century, producers of King Lear removed the Fool from productions of King Lear. He did not return until 1838. Producers greatly diminished both King Lear and Lear as a result.    One should notice the importance of the Fool very early in the play. In Scene 4, Lear asks for his Fool twice. The second time is just a few lines after the first. He seems to need his Fool urgently. Yet the Fool has been pining over the loss of Cordelia (1.4. ). Yet Lear orders the Fool to come to him.    Upon the Fool's arrival, one can see the Fool is a king of teacher to Lear (1.4. ). The Fool arrives and begins to teach Lear a speech. Also, when the King is going mad, he asks the advice of the Fool. Although Lear may not realize it, he constantly depends on the Fool.    In addition to advice and teaching, the Fool adds commentary on Lear's decision. He voices what many people are thinking-Lear is the Fool. In fact, the Fool calls Lear less than a fool. He calls him nothing (1.4. ). His constant comments shed...